Formalist Criticism Of Shine Essays - English-language Films, Films

The History of Yoga

The sources of yoga are presently followed back to the Indus Valley Civilization that existed during the period somewhere in the range of 3300 and 1300 preceding the Common Era (Clark 3). This contention depends on archeological discoveries, to be specific the delineations of stances that look like some of places that are currently utilized in yoga (Clark 3).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The History of Yoga explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the primary literary referencing of this word shows up just in the Vedic time frame. This proof can show that yoga was a blend of mental, profound, and otherworldly practices that could enable an individual to improve his/her wellbeing and accomplish freedom from numerous common wants. The old style works about this strategy were composed during the standard of the Maurya Empire (Wasserman 7). The old style time frame can be recognized on the grounds that the primary standards of this educating we re built up during this time. For example, one can talk about the possibility of five abstentions or pratyahara which can be interpreted as the withdrawal of a person’s faculties (Wasserman 7). At that stage, the professionals of yoga didn't separate profound and physical activities. Along these lines, this period is a significant milestone that can be recognized. In addition, one can talk about the Middle Ages which were set apart by the rise of numerous yoga schools. For example, it is conceivable to make reference to Bhakti Movement, Tantra, Hatha Yoga, and numerous others. As it were, these schools of yoga keep on assuming a significant job these days. Specifically, much consideration ought to be paid to Hatha Yoga which is well known in the United States. In general, one can say yoga stayed an essentially Indian social practice before the nineteenth century. Around then, numerous westerners started to look into the way of life of India. Yoga engaged numerous individuals since they were eager to locate an option in contrast to Western societies. For example, one can make reference to Karl Kellner who set up one of the principal schools of yoga (Vad 157). In any case, the blast of yoga in western nations can be followed back to the mid eighties when different professionals had the option to feature the medical advantages of yoga (Vad 157). However, they didn't talk about the otherworldly parts of yoga. This is one of the subtleties that one should remember. As it were, the expanding fame of yoga can be clarified by the expanding movement of numerous Hindu individuals to different nations, for example, the United Kingdom or the United States (Vad 157). As it were, they added to the spread of their otherworldly, mental, and physical practices.Advertising Looking for paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is one of the issues that can be distinguished. At present, y oga is drilled in nations that have various societies, dialects, economies, etc. Positively, one can't talk about the blast of yoga. In any case, numerous individuals normally check out these lessons on physical and emotional wellness. It is very conceivable that later on, yoga will even now speak to numerous individuals. In general, this conversation proposes that over the span of its history, yoga has gone through a few changes. Specifically, this arrangement of physical and profound activities has become a piece of the worldwide culture. It is drilled in an incredible number of nations that are socially related with India. In any case, these specialists can take out the otherworldly and mental components of yoga. This is one of the principle angles that can be distinguished. Works Cited Clark, Mathew. The Origins and Practices of Yoga: A Weeny Introduction, Delhi: Lulu, 2010. Print. Vad, Vik. Six Months in India: Yoga in Its Original Context, Delhi: Austin Ashram, 2010. Print. Wa sserman, Nancy. The Weiser Concise Guide to Yoga for Magick, New York: Weiser Books, 2007. Print. This exposition on The History of Yoga was composed and presented by client Mayson Vargas to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

A Brief History of Forensic Psychology

A Brief History of Forensic Psychology More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Forensic psychology is a hot topic. Think about all the books, movies, and television shows about how delving into the minds behind crimes can help solve them and bring justice to victims. But for all its popularity  in the media,  forensic psychology plays an important role in real life. It involves the psychological assessment of those involved in the legal system. Heres a look at how this fascinating specialty in the field  of psychology evolved. Early Research The first seeds of forensic psychology were planted in 1879, when  Wilhelm Wundt, often called the father of psychology, founded his first lab in Germany.?? Since Wundt, the field of forensic psychology has blossomed, with contributions by lots of other experts. James McKeen Cattell, for example, conducted some of the earliest research on the psychology of testimony.?? He posed a series of questions to students at Columbia University, asking them to provide a response and rate their degree of confidence in their answer. He found a surprising degree of inaccuracy, inspiring other psychologists to conduct their own experiments in eyewitness testimony. With even eyewitnesses being unsure of themselves, this raised serious issues about the validity of their usefulness in court. Inspired by Cattells work, Alfred Binet replicated Cattell’s research and studied the results of other psychology experiments that applied to law and criminal justice. His work in intelligence testing was also important to the development of forensic psychology, as many future assessment tools were based on his work.?? How Are IQ Scores Interpreted? Psychologist William Stern also studied witnesses ability to recall information. In one of his experiments, he asked students to summarize a dispute they witnessed between two classmates.?? Stern discovered errors were common among witnesses and concluded that a persons emotions could affect how accurately he remembered things. Stern continued to study issues related to court testimony and later established the first academic journal devoted to applied psychology. Forensic Psychology in the Courts During this time, psychologists were beginning to act as expert witnesses in criminal trials throughout Europe. In 1896, a psychologist by the name of Albert von Schrenck-Notzing testified at a murder trial about the effects of suggestibility on witness testimony.?? The German-American psychologist Hugo Munsterbergs belief that psychology had practical applications in everyday life also contributed to the development of forensic psychology. In 1915, Munsterberg published On the Witness Stand, a book advocating the use of psychology in legal matters.?? Stanford psychologist Lewis Terman began applying psychology to law enforcement in 1916. After revising Binet’s intelligence test, the new Stanford-Binet test was used to assess the intelligence of job candidates for law enforcement positions.?? In 1917, psychologist William Marston found that systolic blood pressure had a strong correlation to lying. This discovery would later lead to the design of the modern polygraph detector.?? How to Tell If Someone Is Lying Marston testified in 1923 in the case of Frye v.  the United States. This case is significant because it established the precedent for the use of expert witnesses in courts.?? The Federal Court of Appeals determined that a procedure, technique, or assessment must be generally accepted within its field in order to be used as evidence. Forensic Psychology Gains Traction Significant growth in American forensic psychology did not happen until after World War II. Psychologists served as expert witnesses, but only in trials that weren’t perceived as infringing on medical specialists, who were seen as more credible witnesses. In the 1940 case of People v. Hawthorne, the courts ruled that the standard for expert witnesses depended on how much the witness knew about a subject, not whether the person had a medical degree.?? In the landmark 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, several psychologists testified for the plaintiffs and the defendants.?? Later, the courts gave support to psychologists serving as mental illness experts in the case of Jenkins v. the United States.?? Forensic psychology was officially recognized as a specialization within psychology by the American Psychological Association in 2001. Forensic psychology has continued to grow and evolve during the past three decades. Increasing numbers of graduate programs offer dual degrees in psychology and law, while others offer specialized degrees emphasizing  forensic psychology.

Life And The Game Of Baseball Essay - 1389 Words

Every Father plays a symbolic role in another child’s life, he can always be there for you and provide you with what you need and sometimes what you want. A father can be there for you to teach you the rights and the wrongs in life, even though sometimes you don’t want to believe he’s right. A father can teach you how to become a man and teach you to become an athlete if you choose to be one, he will teach you self-discipline and do everything in his power to make sure you will be successful in what you want to do. Some people, unfortunately do not have a father who can do all of these things for whatever the reason may be. Luckily I was blessed with a father who could do all these things and end up becoming my biggest influence in life and the game of baseball. As a kid, I grew up wanting to be an athlete somewhere along the line of Michael Jordan with a mix of Josh Hamilton. You are probably wondering why those 2 athletes? They play 2 different sports so why wo uld you want to be a mix of them? Here is why I wanted to be a hybrid of those 2 athletes. Michael Jordan is considered to be the greatest basketball player to ever play the game. In high school, he was cut from his high school basketball team, but this would not stop him from chasing his dream. Jordan was a win or die athlete, which is something I admired growing up along with the fact he was a North Carolina native. Josh Hamilton comes into play because he was my favorite baseball player growing up. ConsideringShow MoreRelatedEssay on Baseball613 Words   |  3 PagesBaseball As I sat and watched the college world series this weekend I began to wonder about baseball and several questions came to mind: where did we get the game of baseball? Who should we give credit to for the formation of the game we see today? How has it withstood the tests of wartime? And what helped this game thrive to what it is today, the nation’s pastime? Baseball grew out of various ball and stick games that had been played throughout the United States during the first halfRead MoreI Am A Baseball Field946 Words   |  4 Pageshappens to be a baseball field. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a particular field, it’s just that every time I set foot on one I think of all the memories made when playing the game and of all the friends I have made because of it. I have been playing baseball for practically my entire life and along the way have learned a lot of life lessons because of it. A few fields that specifically stand out to me are Cooperstown Dreams Park and Wenatchee Valley College baseball field. A baseball field is veryRead MoreBaseball And Its Impact On Baseball1736 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball was introduced to America in the 1800s. As the game of baseball started to become popular, many people became interested in the game. Baseball fanatics fell in love with the sport, but not everyone could play. Racial discrimination found its way to baseball when the game was first discovered and created many controversies that prevented many colored players from playing the game because of their skin color. This could be part of the reason why in today’s culture, you do not see many blackRead Moreâ€Å"WeRe All Told At Some Point In Time That We Can No Longer1610 Words   |  7 Pageslonger play the children s game, we just don t... don t know when that s gonna be. Some of us are told at eighteen, some of us are told at forty, but we re all told.† (Moneyball 2011) This quote is referring to the game of baseball. A game that I started playing at the age of eight year s old and continue to play today. Over the last eleven years I have developed greatly as a ball player and a person learning things about myself I would have never known about without the game. However it has come theRead MoreBaseball Is America s Sport1505 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball has been around for centuries and is a sport that has been one of america’s most popular sport for a very long time. Filled with excitement,happiness and fans that absolutely love the game baseball can Arguably be america’s sport. Created in 1846 and having many changes that have bettered and the game more exciting. Some will say that it is boring and lost its cool but baseball is far from losing its cool. The beauty of baseball is that it has no clock just straight nine straight inningsRead More Pete Rose in the Hall of Fame Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesPete Rose in the Hall of Fame To some, including myself, baseball is the greatest sport that has ever been played. It is a game played by two opposing teams made of multiple players, but only nine players per team play at the same time. To be part of one of the thirty teams that get to play professional baseball, a player has to play the game extremely well (www.baseballhalloffame.com). When a player plays the game better than most have played he gets rewarded, usually with lots of money in aRead MoreEssay on Impact of Baseball on American Culture and Society1618 Words   |  7 Pages Baseball has for a long time been a staple in the American sporting culture as baseball and America have grown up together. Exploring the different ages and stages of American society, reveals how baseball has served as both a public reflection of, and vehicle for, the evolution of American culture and society. Many American ways including our landscapes, traditional songs, and pastimes al l bear the mark of a game that continues to be identified with AmericasRead MoreThe Pete Rose : The Major League Baseball Hall Of Fame1548 Words   |  7 PagesMajor League Baseball Hall of Fame?† This is a question that is debated among many pundits for a number of decades. Rose is undeniably one of the best hitters in the game of baseball. Twenty plus years ago, however, he was banned from the game due to the gambling allegations made against him. â€Å"Outside of baseball and my family, nothing has ever given me the pleasure, relaxation, or excitement that I got from gambling. Gambling provided an escape from the day-to-day pressures of life. And for me,Read MorePete Rose And The Hall Of Fame895 Words   |  4 Pageshow he should be inducted into Baseball’s Hall of Fame. Pete Rose was a player that I looked up to when I was a young boy playing baseball. I was a big fan of his collecting all of his baseball cards from rookie year up to the present time. Now, most o f the baseball critics and others do not want Pete Rose inducted. They claim that his illegal betting on baseball games should keep him out of the Hall of Fame. Almost all of the highly questionable evidence that Commissioner Bart Giamatti held wasRead MoreBaseball Has No Game Clock Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesinning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no game clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is now

The Omnipotent View of Management - 1331 Words

Summary The omnipotent view of management says that managers are directly responsible for the success or failure of an organization. This is a dominate view in management theory and society in general. The symbolic view of management takes the view much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside the manager’ control. The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization’s objectives. The symbolic view organizational results as being influenced by factors outside the control of managers: economy, customers, governmental policies, competitors’ actions, the state of the particular industry,†¦show more content†¦Discuss the impact of a strong culture on organizations and managers. Explain the source of an organization s culture. Describe how culture is transmitted to employees. Describe how culture affects managers. The seven dimensions (see Exhibit 3-2) are as follows: (1) attention to detail (degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail); (2) outcome orientation (degree to which managers focus on results or outcomes rather than on how those outcomes are achieved); (3) people orientation (degree to which management decisions take into account the effects on people in the organization); (4) team orientation (degree to which work is organized around teams rather than individuals); (5) aggressiveness (degree to which employees are aggressive and competitive rather than cooperative); (6) stability (degree to which organizational decisions and actions emphasize maintaining the status quo); and (7) innovation and risk taking (degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and to take risks). Research results are suggesting that in organizations with strong cultures: employees tend to be more committed to their organizations; recruitment efforts and socialization practices are used to build employee commitment; and there is higher organizational performance. The impact of a strong culture on managers is that as the culture becomes stronger, it has anShow MoreRelatedThree Kinds of General Purposes for Performance Management1540 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic demonstrates dialectically whether performance management is omnipotent or not and provides the next step of performance management—performance improvement. Chapter 8 introduced the 6-step process and three kinds of general purposes of performance management. Performance management is central to gaining competitive advantage (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright, 2012, p.341). In this report, the topic states that performance management is a process, not a consequence. And it also says thatRead MoreManaging And Being A Leader Share Similar Traits1487 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing a leader share similar traits, but each of these titles differ in terms of long term efficiency. Leading is one of the four management functions, along with planning, organizing, and controlling. For a manager to reach success, leadership is a critical factor a manager must implement daily. There are two views regarding how a manager enacts leadership. One view, the direct responsibility for an organizations success or failure links directly to the manager, or the organizations success or failureRead MoreThe Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic865 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER SUMMARY – CHAPTER 3 The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic âÅ"“ Contrast the actions of managers according to the omnipotent and symbolic views. âÅ"“ Explain the parameters of managerial discretion. According to the omnipotent view, managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure. However, the symbolic view argues that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside managers’ control. The parameters of managerial discretionRead MoreFriendship1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdignity. These principles guide top management to maintain high moral among employees and ensure greater customer satisfaction. And realize their responsibility towards the environment and society and assume responsibility for their actions and to contribute positively towards the community. These principles would also lead the top  management to embrace diversity as an essential component. Q2) Do you think Howard Schultz views his role more from the omnipotent or from the symbolic perspective? ExplainRead MoreManagement and the Body Shop1476 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In todays changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essayRead More Management And The Body Shop Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pages Management and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In todays changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essayRead MoreManagement Theory and Practice: Reading Assessment1519 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Management Theory Practice Chapters 1 2 Reading Assessment 1) A ________ is an example of a first-line manager. A) division manager B) store manager C) regional manager D) shift manager 2) ________ have titles such as executive vice president, chief operating officer, and chief executive officer. A) Team leaders B) Middle managers C) First-line managers D) Top managers 3) ________ involves ensuring that work activities are completed efficiently and effectively by the peopleRead MorePrincipal of Management.Ppt7538 Words   |  31 PagesOrganizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints True/False Questions THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC? 1. In the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure. (False; easy; pp. 58-59) 2. The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests that managers are omnipotent. (True; moderate; p. 58) 3. The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge business executive whoRead MoreA Reinforcement Of Leadership Practices Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesA reinforcement of leadership practices in the post-bureaucratic era has refined business management sustainability from a monetary model to an environmental ideal. However, immense contribution to business notions has renewed neo-classical principles. Therefore, highlights a â€Å"hybrid† practice of the â€Å"Weberian† ecology and pecuniary â€Å"bureaucratic† advancements. (Clegg and Courpassan 2004: pg.; 527). In this essay, I discuss that post-bureaucratic leadership practices to an extent has contributedRead Moreâ€Å"anti-hierarchy† environment in an organization Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance goals. This dilemma creates a fine line between the phenomenon of â€Å"creative deviance† and simple disregard to â€Å"acceptance theor y of authority†. The lines get blurred and confusion sets in different organizational units without proper management and direction of any creative thinking. Another way to encourage creative deviance is create a contemporary organizational design that inspires it. Team structure, boundaryless structure, matrix-project structure, and learning structure can promote

The relationships between the physical environment and economic activities are no longer important Free Essays

‘Second life’ has its own settlements, inhabitants, firms, markets, geography and economies. In January 2007, it even had its own political riot. What is significant about this? Well, its economic activity bears absolutely no relation to the physical environment. We will write a custom essay sample on The relationships between the physical environment and economic activities are no longer important or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is an entirely virtual world and, admittedly, a computer game – but the point remains. Their currency, the transactions, the profits and the losses may occur in the game’s own currency but can be converted into real life US dollars. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy This is 21st century economic activity as the science fiction author’s imagined it, and fundamentally, is totally isolated from the physical environment. This could certainly be the shape of things to come, as indications of it can be seen translated onto the non-virtual world. The physical environment is consistently being conquered by human activity – there is little requirement for physically conducive circumstances for an area to be entered into the global capitalist economy. Anecdotally, there is a real snow slope in Dubai – economic activity based around winter sports is happening in the desert. Arguably, humans still cannot conquer wilderness – settlement in Japan is restricted to the coast and the vast majority of mankind live close to coastal areas. Is this, however, more an issue of tradition than one of physical necessity? Certainly, conservative theory would suggest that people draw their identities from tradition, which can have important economic implications. Las Vegas typifies the ‘bright lights’ view of the USA – yet having outgrown its aquifer it surely shouldn’t exist. Where there are serious economic incentives, the physical environment pales into very little. This has seriously implications in, for example, settlement patterns. Examination of a pre industrial city, such as Potosi, in Bolivia, demonstrates the importance of the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity. These cities were centres of power, bringing together the wealthy and politically powerful – both underpinnings of economic activity – with their servants and slaves in one large urban area, thus representing the beginnings of hierarchal economic systems that have been replicated around the world. This was the start of urbanisation, but what dictated the locations of these economic hubs? Read also Recording General Fund Operating Budget and Operating Transactions The physical environment, from which everything was derived and upon which everything relied. These new cities were focused on the exploitation of a raw material such as coal or iron ore; Catal Huyuk in Turkey developed around volcanic glass, becoming one of the first economic centres. As these activities grew the industrial city emerged, bringing people together in a work force and selling the products of their labour in a market system for the first time – it was the physical environment providing the impetus and the raw materials that enabled both extended settlement and trade to occur. The relationship could not have been more important. However, what is the postindustrial city tied to? Very little – location of industry is no longer tied to traditional centres that formed due to the physical environment. ‘Footloose’ industries can be observed in the UK and other knowledge based economies. The sunrise strip around the M4 corridor and silicon fen have not developed where they are because of an exceptionally good crop of microchips. They are focused around centres of learning – science parks attached to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or important communication routes that link them into the global economy – the M4, and important links to London. Read also Intro to Public Relations Notes Similarly, it is human economics that has ‘saved’ those areas previously dependent on the physical environment. The decline of the mining industry in South Wales had a profound impact on the surrounding areas causing significant depression. This situation is being reversed with subsidies from the European Union; an economic body that rose from a belief in the law of comparative advantage as opposed to the physical environment. The relationship here between the physical environment and economic activity appears somewhat less significant than for pre industrial cities. If post industrial cities no longer rely on the physical environment for their economic activity, but pre industrial and industrial cities derive their location, habitation and economic activity from the physical environment of their surroundings, it could be argued that those nation states who have no undergone industrialisation have a greater reliance on the physical environment. Rio de Janeiro owes much of its grandeur and wealth to the physical environment – many of the municipal buildings were built on the influx of wealth from the extraction of gold in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, the area is the biggest extractor of petroleum in Brazil from off shore fields; a position in continues to hold despite the opening of markets due to its resource endowment. Conversely, it can also be the physical environment that dictates a very different course of economic events; resource curse theory suggests that an endowment of a particular resource – such as diamonds in many African nations – can in fact lead to stinted economic activity as the economy develops in an unbalanced manner. The poor economic situation in these states would certainly suggest an important relationship between economic activity and the physical environment that must be understood for a solution to be reached. In a similar vein, some cities have not been able to cope with the move away from a close relationship with the physical environment. ‘Old’ industrial cities, such as Sheffield in the UK and Lille in France are characterised by loss of employment in the primary sectors, as mining and other physical environment heavy industries decline. There are often high levels of social deprivation and population loss from the inner city as out migration occurs. This illustrates that the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity is just as relevant today as it was with the initial city forming influences – in this case, the location of the cities, a physical factor, on the periphery of post industrial development has lead to economic depression and social deprivation. Furthermore, the observance of the growth of the postindustrial city from pre industrial times has been focused on the core regions of the UK, the USA and Japan. This conservative view of development theory assumes that all development will undergo similar courses, thus implying that the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity in LEDCs is more important than that in MEDCs. Structuralists, however, will argue that this is not the case. The growth of these ‘core’ regions has huge implications for the entire global economy based around human derivatives as opposed to physical factors. The periphery is, in essence, not affected by the physical constraints that some argue are the cause of its poverty. It is the economic actions of ‘core’ elements of society that result in the economic situations in LEDCs. Studies that led to this ‘dependency theory’ observed the actions of wealthy in Sao Paulo which had huge implications on the favela dwellers and the unskilled labourers of Brazil; this is translated on a global scale – the economic activity that keeps the poorest sections of global society in that position is arguably the result of the actions of the core nations which they have had most to do with in the past. If this is the case, there is little relationship between the physical environment and economic activity. In spite of all this, however, there is an undeniable economic impact when disaster strikes. The dramatic impact of the Asian tsunami is a clear illustration. The movement of the tectonic plates that in turn triggered the tsunami could not have been predicated, although it has been argued that the quick pinpointing techniques could have provided greater notice of the wave. Even if this was the case, what of the impact to the settlements, the farmland and the tourist industry that it destroyed? The economic implications of this were huge – raising the point that no matter how much humans attempt to harness the physical environment in pursuit of economic incentives, what initially allowed the development of the global economy can just as easily destroy it. The impact of natural disaster on economic activity is neither new nor restricted to LEDCs. Although the death count in LEDCS, such as the Kerala Earthquake, is usually higher than in MEDCs, the economic impact in MEDCs can be even more dramatic – the Kobe Earthquake, or the effects of Loma Preta ripping through San Francisco. Here, flights were disrupted when a runway ruptured, and damage to free ways and bridges held up over one million commuters for over a month. The economy that these commuters were a part of may not have derived directly from the physical environment, but the disruption and thus cost caused by the physical environment was huge. Even those natural disasters we have warning of have significant impact. The Stern Report recently emphasised the huge economic cost of climate change to certain regions of the globe, which in an increasingly globalised economy would have resounding effects around the globe. There is strong evidence to the effect that the current warming is human induced, and even speculation that it will be global warming that proves to be Malthus’ final resource limit. As global temperatures increase, the Greenland ice sheet will melt. This introduction of fresh water will reduce the salinity of the Gulf Stream as it goes northwards and sinks, powering the global conveyor. If this ocean current is unable to sink, the global conveyor will cease to moderate climatic extremes around the globe. Whilst the UK may have handled this in the past during the Little Ice Age, in an economy dependent on roads, private cars and international travel, the economic disruption would be huge as the climate became colder. Limited snowfall has considerable economic impact today, making its potential impact huge. Economic activity itself, therefore, has reinforced the importance of the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity. Furthermore, given the attention paid to climate change by governments, the press, and NGOs alike, the carbon trading business is increasingly significant. Carbon Exchange, a firm that manages both voluntary carbon trading schemes in the US and administers the compulsory cap and trade system in the EU, has seen its share prices rocket to nearly i12 a share in recent months. Here, the impact of economic activity on the physical environment is giving rise to another ’round’ of economic activity. Carbon trading is big business and completely inseparable from the physical environment. Is this, rather than a ‘Second Life’ virtual existence of economic activity more the shape of things to come? There are other such examples of considerable profits being derived from climate change concerns – effectively; we are reverting to a system whereby economic activity is the direct result of the physical environment. In conclusion, it would appear that the physical environment did much to shape the initial economic developments of core regions, such as the UK, the USA and Japan. It has imparted traditions that persist by way of settlement patterns and economic strengths. If this is the case, a simple division can be made – MEDCs do not rely on the physical environment for economic activity where LEDCs do. However, this ‘model’ cannot be held paramount, as it appears not to be the case; structuralist views point out the presence of highly developed and desperate poverty even within the same city as a result of dependency, rather than economic development as a result of the physical environment. In spite of this, there exists an undeniable relationship between the physical environment and economic activity that applies to both LEDCs and MEDCs – the impact of natural disaster. Furthermore, there is increasing economic emphasis surrounding climate change, particularly in MEDCs. Fundamentally, economic activity is an aspect of human activity. Humans are part of the biosphere, and in turn, part of the physical environment. Whilst we may not be as constrained by mountain ranges or climate extremes, as once was the case, it is doubtful there will ever be a situation where the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity is totally irrelevant. How to cite The relationships between the physical environment and economic activities are no longer important, Papers

Reducing Racism in the University of Alberta and University of York

The aspect of racism in institutions of higher learning is dealt with in its early stages considering that the universities shape the discourse of the society as a major agent of socialization. Perpetuation of racism in these two institutions discussed has consequences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reducing Racism in the University of Alberta and University of York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having received appointment from the Alberta provincial government to reduce racism in Alberta there are two institutions, which would receive first priority in this matter. The first institution is the University of Alberta, which is a major institution, and it is one of the areas in Alberta with high concentration of the minorities because either the minority populations come here for further studies or they work within the city of Alberta. The other institution, which would receive priority, is the University of Y ork, which is an institution accused by certain quarters of having racist environment, and even one of its student’s newspapers had a series of jokes that are termed as racist. These two institutions are of strategic importance in the adoption and implementation of measures and policies against racism (Kobayashi, 2003). After choosing the institutions, the second step as person appointed to reduce racism would be in ensuring that the environment in those institutions is accommodative to students or any other minority person. The environment in this case regards the people and the surroundings such as the policies and the institutions rules and regulations. Fortunately, currently there are no rules in both institutions described as discriminatory. Therefore, the most important thing would be ensuring that the rules are followed and no one is allowed to discriminate based on race. In addition, it is a well-known fact that racism develops because of ignorance of other peopleâ₠¬â„¢s culture and lack of non-biased interaction. To deal with this unawareness of other people’s culture the first step will involve introducing a compulsory and examinable unit called multiculturalism that will involve studying literature from all over the world especially from Africa and Asia. This will be necessary in providing the students with the necessary information about other races. Interaction is also a major aspect of dealing with racism. Ensuring that there is constancy and in this case, positive contact with people from different races is a major issue in reducing racism. There should be a policy where student’s distribution in hostels is in a manner that promotes integration and interaction between people of different races. This means that for every one black student there will be five white students in that hostel. This will ensure the white students will interact with the black students. Lecturers will also participate in this program by creating gro up tasks and assignments, where these groups will incorporate students from all races. This cooperation of working together to handle tasks and assignments will go a long way in reducing racism (Bonita Dua, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a way of reducing racism, the students will also participate in co curricula activities where these activities will be in teams. These will be important in creating an atmosphere of multicultural awareness, which leads to appreciation of diversity. Activities such as music festivals and art festivals where students from different racial background come with their art or their music and present it to others in a non-biased environment will ensure significant reduction of racism. Racism in the two universities will be rampant and dealing with it calls for positive appreciation of other people irrespective of their color or background. These views need adoption early in life so that it will not be hard to appreciate others later in life. Racism in University faculties that focus on colored lecturers need containment because they are also entitled to freedom and right of appreciation just like other members of faculty. These essays look into the mechanisms adopted by Grant Mc Ewan in an effort to reduce racism. This other part will deal the measures, which the staff will adopt to deal with racism and in the university faculties and departments of Grant Mc Ewan University. The first measure for adoption in an attempt to achieve racial equity is to ensure that there is racial representation in the university faculties and departments. This representation is important in ensuring that the voices and opinions of minorities receive attention. Without proper representation, the discriminative actions are likely to continue in the university. The issue of discriminatory actions taken against the staff or the students who are colored needs evaluation. This is because there is a tendency for the minority to feel that they are being discriminated by the education board especially because there is no one of their color in those boards. Therefore, to eliminate such feelings, the disciplinary committee of Grant Mc Ewan University needs an overhaul or to include colored person in that committee. This will ensure that there is fairness of judgment and the suspension or any disciplinary action taken against a student is not based on color. This will ensure that the cases of indiscipline from colored students especially from black community reduce significantly (Bonita Dua, 2000). The university should also adopt policies to criminalize acts of racism. This is very important in ensuring that the environment is for everyone and there is no one who is endangered or threatened based on race. Issues such as racial graffiti threatening with an intention to demean students or lecturers of any race require little o r no tolerance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reducing Racism in the University of Alberta and University of York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disciplinary measures should be taken against anyone who is perpetrating such activities. This is because such graffiti or racially biased messages and threats affect the learning environment and increase racial tension between students of different races (Bonita Dua, 2000). The need to recognize students and lecturers that have contributed in the world of academia is very important in reducing racial discrimination in Mc Ewan University. This is because the colored staff indicates that their papers are not appreciated like those of white lecturers. They are criticized, which indicate that their papers are political, or racially inclined especially when they are about social issues. The University has to put in place policies that entitle everyone to unbiased criti que especially on academic journals (Bonita Dua, 2000). Race based statistics or studies with an aim of portraying one race of community as lesser than the others require abolishment. Positive studies that aim at promoting cohesion and interrelationship between people of different races need applause and encouragement. The lack of unbiased studies is one of the major reasons why stereotypes concerning race still exist (Bonita Dua, 2000). The leadership policies in the university also require changes. The changes are usually in writing but their implementations take a long time. They involve the need to ensure that leaders of department and faculties are chosen because of merit rather than race. There have been cases where competent lecturers who would have played such roles did not receive appointment and their juniors in terms of experience and achievements were appointed based on their race. This promotes racial biasness and racial tension within an institution (Bonita Dua, 200 0). The minorities also need platforms where their opinions and feelings receive attention and expression just like anyone’s feelings, ideas, and thoughts. If it is in a student’s magazine, it should be mandatory for such a magazine to have a writer from the minority community especially the black community. In addition, such platforms need prohibition from use as a basis or a platform of perpetrating racial hatred and bias (Bonita Dua, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The institution should also have literature and books, which represent racial equity and the library, should not have only European literature and books. The literature from other parts of the world should be available to provide the necessary environment, which is multicultural and does not discriminate anyone (Bonita Dua, 2000). Racism in university faculties shows the gravity of racism in Canada as a whole as one would expect that the university is a place where the intellectuals shape the society. Reports of racism are indeed worrying as they show how racism is prevalent in the gutter. The above recommendations are necessary in creation of an equitable society with no discrimination. Racism permeates every aspect of Canadian education. One would expect that the education system as a major agent of socialization would be the last in perpetuation of racism. However, there are many instances where the school curriculum promotes racism. This topic is compelling because Canada just as most of the developed nations all over the world has endowment of people from all over the world. Some are the majority, indigenous people, minorities, as well as immigrants. It is therefore important to address the issue, which affects them all. Therefore, it is imperative to see how racism permeates Canadian educational institutions. The education systems are very important as the agents of socialization other than family and religion. The concepts, which are acquired in school, have a great influence on perceptions and interactions with others (Kobayashi, 2003). A number of things evidence the issue of racism in Canadian education. The first evidence of this bias is the literature studies in schools. This literature establishes biased notions which are transmitted to students at a young age and if they are not corrected this is the meaning they will live with. Books such as merchant of Venice have bias against some races such as the Jews through portrait of Shylock and against blacks through the portrait of the prince of Morocco (Kobayashi, 2003). The curriculum development in Canada is one of the perpetrators of racism in the country. This is because much of the literature provided is racial with an intention to portray some races positively in comparison with others. One cannot therefore explain why there is no literature authored by a black person, which has ever been mandatory for the students’ curricula. This means that the curriculum does not expose the black lifestyle and value to the other cultures. This is not because that there are no aspects of the culture, which are not worth of study, but it is because the formulators of the curriculum are racially biased (Kobayashi, 2003). There are stereotypes, which students come with from home and are preconceived notions of how an individual will behave based on race. When students and teachers come to school with such notions and the school authorities go ahead and declare such notions as the tr uth, the reality is that racism will still thrive. Examples of such notions include blacks are criminals, the indigenous people are alcoholics and that the whites are superior. When the teacher or the school does not provide avenue for students from different races to interact with each other and do away with such notions, they will engrave the notions in the mind of the students (Kobayashi, 2003). In the institutions of higher learning, there is a tendency to provide or to hold surveys based on race. These race-based surveys perpetrate racism especially when they are intended to show that one race is superior or inferior to the other. The discourse of race is one of the issues in many countries and it requires sobriety in dealing with it in an effective way. This essay has discussed various ways of minimizing racism and promoting multiracial coexistence in the schools. Overhauling the whole school curriculum and adopting a multicultural curriculum will certainly make the young chil dren appreciate people from all races without bias. The ways of dealing with racism have always existed but putting those policies and recommendations seems easier said than done. Self-will and the ability to accept everyone as equal irrespective of color or background are the most important virtues, which will help the implementation of such policies. References Bonita, L. Dua, E. (2000). Challenging white hegemony in university classrooms: Whose Canada is it? Ellington: Atlantis. Kobayashi, A. (2003). GPC ten years on: Is self-reï ¬â€šexivity enough? A Journal of Feminist Geography, 10(3), 345–349. 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